2022 08 Drainage Report

USDA United States ‘A product of the National Cooperative Soll Survey, a Joint effort of the United States Department of Agriculture and other Federal agencles, State agencies Including the Agricultural Experiment ‘Statlons, and local participants Custom Soil Resource Report for Essex County, New Jersey March 29, 2022 Preface Soil surveys contain information that affects land use planning in survey areas. They highlight soil lr about the properti many different user disposal, and pollution control can use the surveys to nel them understand, protect, or enhance the environment. Various land use regulations of Federal, State, and local governments may impose hat are used in making various land use or land treatment decisions. tion is intended to help the land users identify and reduce the effects of Ins on various land uses. The landowner: identifying and complying with existing laws and regul ‘Although soil survey information can be used for gent local, and wider area mation in some res.usda.goviwps! Great differences in soil properties can occur within short distances. Some soils are seasonally wet or subject to flooding. Some are too unstable to be used as a foundation for buildings or roads. Clayey or wet soils are poorly suited to use as ‘septic tank absorption fields. water table makes a soil poorly suited to basements or underground ons. ‘The National Cooperative Soll Survey is a joint effort of the United States Department of Agriculture and other Federal agencies, State agencies including the Agricultural Experiment Stations, and local agencies. The Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) has leadership for the Federal part of the National Cooperative Soil Survey. Information about soils is updated periodically. Updated information is available through the NRCS Web Soil Survey, the site for official soil surve sexual orientation, genetic infor part of an individuat's income is d all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require

alternative means for communication of program informati audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA's TARGET Center al and TDD). To file a complaint of discrimination, write to USDA, Director, Civil Rights, 1400 Independence Avenue, S.W., Washington, D.C, 20250-9410 or call (800) 795-3272 (voice) or (202) 720-6382 ISDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. Contents Bowr8—Boonton - Urk , Boonton substratum compl sandstone lowiand, 0 to 8 percent slopes.. HanBo—Haledon sit loam, 0 to 8 percent slopes, extremely stony, USBONB—Urban land, Boonton substratum - Boonton complex, 0 to

How Soil Surveys Are Made Soil surveys are made to provide information about the soils and miscellaneous areas in a specific area. They include a description of the soils and miscellaneous areas and their location on the landscape and tables that show soil properties and limitations affecting various uses. Soil scientists observed the steepness, length, 'e general pattem of drainage: the kinds of crops and inds of bedrock, They observed and described many soil devoid of roots and other living organisms and has not been changed by biological activity. Currently, soils are mapped according to the boundaries of major land resource areas (MLRAs). MLRAS are geographically associated land resour gical resources, and land uses (USDA, 2 ist of parts of one or more MLRA. and miscellaneous area area occur in an orderly pattern that is related to the geology, landforms, relief, climate, and natural vegetation of the area. Each kind of soil and miscellaneous area is associated with a particular kind of landform or with a segment of the landform, By observing the soils and miscellaneous areas in the survey area and relating their position to specific. segments of the landform, a soll scientist develops a concept, or model, of how they were formed. Thus, during mapping, this model enables the with a considerable degree of accuracy the kind of soil or miscellaneous area at a specific location on the landscape, ‘Commonly, individual soils on the landscape merge into one another as their characteristics gradually change. To construct an accurate soll map, however, soil scientists must determine the boundaries between the soils. They can observe only a limited number of soil profiles. Nevertheless, these observations, supplemented by an understanding of the soil-vegetation-landscape relationship, are sufficient to verify predictions of the kinds of soil in an area and to determine the boundaries, Soil scientists recorded the characteristics of the soil profiles that they studied. They noted soil color, texture, size and shape of soil aggregates, kind and amount of rock fragments, distribution of plant roots, reaction, and other features that enable them to identify soils. After describing the soils in the survey area and determining their properties, the soil scientists assigned the soils to laxonomic classes (units). ‘Taxonomic classes are concepts. Each taxonomic

ls. After describing the soils in the survey area and determining their properties, the soil scientists assigned the soils to laxonomic classes (units). ‘Taxonomic classes are concepts. Each taxonomic class has a set of soil characteristics with precisely defined limits. The classes are used as a basis for comparison to classify soils systematically. Soil taxonomy, the system of taxonomic classification used in the United States, is based mainly on the kind and character of soil properties and the arrangement of horizons within the profile. After the soil Custom Soil Resource Report scientists classified and named the soils in the survey area, they compared the individual soils with similar soils in the same taxonomic class in other areas so that they could confirm data and assemble additional data based on experience and research. The objective of soil mapping is not to delineate pure map unit components; the objective is to separate the landscape into landforms or landform segments that have similar use and management requirements. Each map unit is defined by a unique combination of soil components and/or miscellaneous areas in predictable proportions. Some components may be highly contrasting to the other components of the map unit. The presence of minor components in a map ut diminishes the usefulness or accuracy of the data, The del landforms and landform segments on the map provides suffici development of resource pians. If intensive use of small areas, investigation is needed to define and locate the soils and miscellaneous areas. Soil scientists make many field observations in the process of producing a soil map. is dependent upon several factors, including scale of sign of map units, complexity of the landscape, number of measurements of it These measurements may ividual soil properties are made and recorded, fe field measurements, such as those for color, and laboratory measurements, such as those for and other components. Properties of each soil another across the landscape. typically vary from one p ‘Observations for map unit components are aggregated to develop ranges of characteristics for the components, The aggregated values are presented. Direct measurements do not exist for every properly presented for every map unit component. Values for some properties are estimated from combinations of other properties, While a soil survey is in

. Direct measurements do not exist for every properly presented for every map unit component. Values for some properties are estimated from combinations of other properties, While a soil survey is in progress, samples of some of the soils in the area generally are collected for laboratory analyses and for engineering tests. Soil scientisis interpret the data from these analyses and tests as well as the field-observed characteristics and the soil properties to determine the expected behavior of the soils under different uses. Interpretations for all of the soils are field tested through ‘observation of the soils in different uses and under different levels of management. Some interpretations are modified to fit local conditions, and some new interpretations are developed fo meet local needs. Dala are assembled from other sources, such as research information, production records, and field experience of specialists. For example, data on crop yields under defined levels of management are assembled from farm records and from field or plot experiments on the same kinds of soil. Predictions about soil behavior are based not only on soil properties but also on such variables as climate and biological activity. Soil conditions are predictable over of time, but they are not predictable from year to year. For exam 's can predict with a fairly high degree of accuracy that a given soi hin certain depths in most years, but they cannot predi that a high water table will always be at a specific leve! in the soil on a specific date. After soil scientists located and identified the significant natural bodies of soil in the survey area, they drew the boundaries of these bodies on aerial photographs and

Custom Soil Resource Report identified each as a specific map unit. Aerial photographs show trees, buildings, fields, roads, and rivers, all of which help in locating boundaries accurately. Soil Map The soil map section includes the soil map for the defined area of interest, a list of soil map units on the map and extent of each map unit, and cartographic symbols displayed on the map. Also presented are various metadata about data used to produce the map, and a description of each soil map unit.

Custom Soil Resource Report Soil Map Fy i Bpsutaroteredeninenetitrtsite & > ” CJ 20 —— [ES [oe a eee el Custom Soil Resource Report MAP LEGEND MAP INFORMATION ‘Ares of interest (AO) Spee ‘Te sol eurveys that comprise your AO! were mapped at __ | Mot test (8) @ Seny see 12,000 soils el citresuierevaue 2 = Warring: Soi Map may nol be valié tthe scale pt fre Sal Map Uritines “one Enlargement of maps beyond the scale of mapaing can cause | SoltapUntPons 4 oher ‘misundorstanding ofthe deal of mapping and accuracy. o=—SpedtalLneFoatires line placement. The maps do not show the small areas of Special Pont Features contraeting sails that could have been shown at & mare detated Bow lige scale = Seams nd Canals Boraw Pt Traneportation Pease rely on the bar scale on each map sheet for map aaa ee Ras measurements Closed Depression par iad Source of Map: Natural Resources Conservation Service US Routes ‘Web Sol Survey URL: ravely Spat Mle Coordinate System: Web Mercator (EPSG:3857) —= Local Rass Maps from the Web Sol Suvay aro based on the Web Mercator Lave ow om prolaction, which preserves direction and shape but dstors cena Gistance and area. A projection that presarves area, such 25 the Mash ocsiamp eta Protogacny ‘Albers equal-area conc projection, shouldbe used if more —— ‘ocuratecaloulations of tance or area aa required. Niscalaneovs Water “This producti generated from the USDA-NRCS certied dala as — ofthe version date(s) listed below. : Rock ourop ‘Sol Survey Atea: Essex County, New Jersey a ‘Survey Area Data: Version 17, Aug 0, 2024 Sandy Set Sil map nits are labeled (as space atows) for map scales Severely Erode Spot 150,000 or larger. — Date(s) serial images were photographed: May 8, 2020—Oet ‘tae tp 18,2020 Sede Spat “The onthophoto or olher base map on which the soilines were comple and dgiized probably dif rom the background imagery displayed on these maps. As a reul, some minor _thting of map unl boundaries may be eviget.

Custom Soil Resource Report Map Unit Legend ‘Map Unit Symbot ‘Map Unit Name ‘ores in AO! Percent of AOL Boge Bows HanBe jussoNne Yaob8e ‘Yaonen Totals for Area of interost 158, [Boonton loam, 8 to 18 percent rr) ‘slopes, extremely stony Boonton - Urban land, Boonton uw substratum complex, red sandstone lowland, 0to 8 percent slopes. Haledon sittoam, 0 108 37] percent slopes, extremely stony Urban land, Boonton 07] substratum - Boonton complex, 0108 percent slopes Yalesville- Boonton - Holyoke 73] ‘complex, 0 to 8 percent slopes, extremely stony ‘Yaesvile - Holyoke complex, 13) '35 0 60 percent slopes, very rocky Map Unit Descriptions landscape, however, the soils are natural phenomena, and they have the characteristic variability of all natural phenomena. Thus, the range of some ‘observed properties may extend beyond the limits defined for a taxonomic class. ever, can be mapped without have properties similar to those of the dominant soil or they do not affect use and management. These are ‘components. They may or may not be ment iption. Other minor components, however, have properties, and behavioral characteristics divergent enough to affect use or to require different management. These are called contrasting, oF dissimilar, components. They generally are in small areas and could not be mapped separately because of the Custom Soil Resource Report scale used. Some small areas of strongly contrasting soils or miscellaneous areas are identified by a special symbol on the maps. If included in the database for a given area, the contrasting minor components are identified in the map descriptions along with some characteristics of each. A few areas of ‘components may not have been observed, and consequently they are not mentioned in the descriptions, especially where the pattern was so complex that it was impractical to make enough observations to identify all the soils and miscellaneous areas on the landscape. ‘The presence of minor components in a map unit in no way diminishes the usefulness or accuracy of . The objective of mapping is not to delineate Pure taxonomic classes but ‘An identifying symbol precedes the map unit name in the map unit descriptions, Each description inciudes general facts about the unit and gives important soil properties and qualities, Soils that have profiles that are almost alike make up a soil series. Except

it descriptions, Each description inciudes general facts about the unit and gives important soil properties and qualities, Soils that have profiles that are almost alike make up a soil series. Except for differences in texture of the surface 1¢ soils of a series have major horizons that are similar in compos! 1e8s, and arrangement. Soils of one series can differ in texture of the surface layer, slope, stoniness, cleristics that affect their use, On the basis of such differences, a soil series is divided into soil phases. Most of the areas shown on the detailed soil maps are phases of soll series, The name of a soil phase commonly indicates a feature that affects use or management. For example, Alpha silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, is a phase of the Alpha series. ‘Some map units are made up of two or more major soils or miscellaneous areas. ‘These map units are complexes, associations, or undifferentiated groups. ‘A complex consists of two or more soils or miscellaneous areas in such an intricate pattern or in such small areas that they cannot be shown separately on the maps. The paltern and proportion of the soils or miscellaneous areas are somewhat similar in all areas. Alpha-Beta complex, 0 to 6 percent slopes, is an example. ‘An association is made up of two or more geographically associated soils or miscellaneous areas that are shown as one unit on the maps. Because of present or anticipated uses of the map units in the survey area, it was not considered practical or necessary to map ‘miscellaneous areas separately. The pattern and relative proportion of the soils or miscellaneous areas are somewhat similar. Alpha-Beta association, 0 to 2 percent slopes, is an example. ‘An undifferentiated group is made up of two or more soils or miscellaneous areas that could be mapped individually but are mapped as one unit because similar interpretations can be made for use and management. The pattern and proportion of the soils or miscellaneous areas in a mapped area are not uniform. An area can be made up of only one of the major soils or miscellaneous areas, or it can be made up of all of them. Alpha and Beta soils, 0 to 2 percent slopes, is an example. Some surveys include miscellaneous areas. Such areas have litle or no soil material and support litte or no vegetation. Rock outcrop is an example.

Custom Soil Resource Report Essex County, New Jersey BogCc—Boonton loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes, extremely stony ‘Mean annual precipitation; 30 to 64 inches ‘Mean annual air temperature: 46 to 79 degrees F Frost-free period: 131 to 178 days Farmland classification: Not prime farmland ‘Map Unit Composition Boonton, extremely stony, and similar soils: 85 percent ‘Minor components: 15 percent Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit. Descript Setting Landform: Ground moraines Landform position (three-dimensional): Upper third of mountainflank, center third ‘of mountainflank ‘Down-slope shape: Convex. Across-siope shape: Linear Parent material: Coarse-loamy basal til derived from basalt Typical profile Oi- 00 1 inches: slightly decomposed plant material of Boonton, Extremely Stony Btxt - 30 to 40 inches: gravelly fine sandy loam Btx2 - 40 to 47 inches: fine sandy loam Bt - 47 t0 58 inches: loamy sand CBt2 - 68 to 72 inches: loamy sand Properties and qualities Slope: 8 to 15 percent Surface area covered with cobbles, stones or boulders: 10.0 percent Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 36 inches to fragipan Drainage class: Well drained Runoff class: Medium Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately low to ‘moderately high (0.06 to 0.20 invhr) Depth to water table: More than 80 inches Frequency of flooding: None Frequency of ponding: None Available water supply, 0 to 60 inches: Low (about 5.4 inches) Interpretive groups ‘Land capability classification (irigated): None specified Land capabilly classification (nonirrigated): 7 Custom Soil Resource Report Hydrologic Soil Group: C Ecological site: F14AY037MA - Moist Dense Till Uplands Hydric soil rating: No Minor Components: Boonton, moderately well drained, extremely stony Percent of map unit: 10 percent Landform: Ground moraines Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit, shoulder Landform position (three-dimensional): Head slope, side slope Down-slope shape: Convex Across-slope shape: Linear Hydric soil rating: No Haledon, extremely stony Percent of map unit: 5 percent Landform: Ground moraines Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit, shoulder Lanaform position (three-dimensional): Head slope, side slope Down-slope shape: Convex Across-slope shape: Linear Hydric soil rating: No BowrB—Boonton - Urban land, Boonton substratum