West Orange Fourth Round HEFSP_adopted 111025_Appendices

3 of P.L.2024, c.2 (C.52:27D-304.1); f. A consideration of the lands that are most appropriate for construction of low- and moderateincome housing and of the existing structures most appropriate for conversion to, or rehabilitation for, low- and moderate-income housing, including a consideration of lands of developers who have expressed a commitment to provide low- and moderate-income housing; g. An analysis of the extent to which municipal ordinances and other local factors advance or detract from the goal of preserving multigenerational family continuity as expressed in the recommendations of the Multigenerational Family Housing Continuity Commission, adopted pursuant to paragraph (1) of subsection f. of section 1 of P.L.2021, c.273 (C.52:27D-329.20); 13

Township of West Orange November 2025 Essex County, New Jersey Housing Element and Fair Share Plan ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- h. For a municipality located within the jurisdiction of the Highlands Water Protection and Planning Council, established pursuant to section 4 of P.L.2004, c.120 (C.13:20-4), an analysis of compliance of the housing element with the Highlands Regional Master Plan of lands in the Highlands Preservation Area, and lands in the Highlands Planning Area for Highlands conforming municipalities. This analysis shall include consideration of the municipality’s most recent Highlands Municipal Build Out Report, consideration of opportunities for redevelopment of existing developed lands into inclusionary or 100 percent affordable housing, or both, and opportunities for 100 percent affordable housing in both the Highlands Planning Area and Highlands Preservation Area that are consistent with the Highlands regional master plan; and i. An analysis of consistency with the State Development and Redevelopment Plan, including water, wastewater, stormwater, and multi-modal transportation based on guidance and technical assistance from the State Planning Commission. 14

Township of West Orange November 2025 Essex County, New Jersey Housing Element and Fair Share Plan ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- PART 1. HOUSING ELEMENT DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS Population Table 1 below depicts the population trends experienced in West Orange, Essex County, and the State of New Jersey in the 93-year period between 1930 and 2023. In 2023, there were 48,276 residents in West Orange, which indicates a decrease of 567 people (-1.2%) from 2020. West Orange has experienced population fluctuation over the past 93 years, with the largest increase between 1950 and 1960 (39.5%) and the biggest decrease occurring between 1970 to 1980 (-9.6%). Overall, the Township has seen a growth of 23,949 residents during this time frame, reflecting a 98.4% net increase in its population. While population growth in the State of New Jersey has been steady during this time period, Essex County and West Orange have seen some similar fluctuations. The Township’s overall growth (98.4%) has proportionally exceeded that of the County (2.1%), but not that of the State (129.2%). Year 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2023 Total Change Table 1: Population Trends, 1930-2023 West Orange, Essex County, and New Jersey West Orange Essex County New Jersey Change Change Change Population Population Population Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent 24,327 833,513 4,041,334 25,662 1,335 5.5% 837,340 3,827 0.5% 4,160,165 118,831 2.9% 28,605 2,943 11.5% 905,949 68,609 8.2% 4,835,329 675,164 16.2% 39,895 11,290 39.5% 923,545 17,596 1.9% 6,066,782 1,231,453 25.5% 43,715 3,820 9.6% 932,526 8,981 1.0% 7,171,112 1,104,330 18.2% 39,510 -4,205 -9.6% 851,304 -81,222 -8.7% 7,365,011 193,899 2.7% -407 -1.0% 778,206 -73,098 -8.6% 7,730,188 365,177 5.0% 39,103 5,840 14.9% 44,943 793,633 15,427 2.0% 8,414,350 684,162 8.9% 1,264 2.8% 46,207 783,969 -9,664 -1.2% 8,791,894 377,544 4.5% 2,636 5.7% 48,843 863,728 79,759 10.2% 9,288,994 497,100 5.7% -567 -1.2% 48,276 851,117 -12,611 -1.5% 9,261,699 -27,295 -0.3% - 23,949 98.4% - 17,604 2.1% - 5,220,365 129.2% Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Decennial Census and 2023: ACS 5-Year Estimates Table S0101 Population Composition by Age The median age of the residents in West Orange in 2020 was 42.2

,220,365 129.2% Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Decennial Census and 2023: ACS 5-Year Estimates Table S0101 Population Composition by Age The median age of the residents in West Orange in 2020 was 42.2 years, which shows a 3.9% increase from the 2010 median age of 40.6 years. Analysis of age group characteristics provides insight into the actual changes in population. This comparison is helpful in determining the impact these changes have on housing needs, community facilities and services for the municipality. As detailed in Table 2 below, the entire composition of West Orange experienced notable shifts in the years between 2010 and 2020. The 15

Township of West Orange November 2025 Essex County, New Jersey Housing Element and Fair Share Plan ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- most significant shift occurred in the population aged 65 and over, which collectively saw an 1,853-person (25.2%) increase. Simultaneously, the Township experienced a significant decrease in its population under 5 years old (-16.8%) and between the ages 35 to 54 (-3.4%). This data suggests that a larger portion of the Township’s residents are transitioning into the senior citizen age range, which will require the Township to consider planning tools and approaches that encourage aging-in-place. Table 2: Population by Age, 2010 to 2020 West Orange Population 2010 2020 Change (2010 to 2020) Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Under 5 years 3,056 6.6% 2,542 5.2% -514 -16.8% 5 to 14 5,955 12.9% 5,932 12.1% -23 -0.4% 15 to 24 5,225 11.3% 5,849 12.0% 624 11.9% 25 to 34 5,113 11.1% 5,389 11.0% 276 5.4% 35 to 44 6,755 14.6% 6,500 13.3% -255 -3.8% 45 to 54 6,934 15.0% 6,727 13.8% -207 -3.0% 55 to 64 5,807 12.6% 6,689 13.7% 882 15.2% 65 and over 7,362 15.9% 9,215 18.9% 1853 25.2% Total population 46,207 100.0% 48,843 100.0% 2636 5.7% Median Age 40.6 - 42.2 - 1.6 3.9% Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Decennial Census, Tables DP1, P12 and P13 Essex County experienced population fluctuation as well. The County also saw the greatest shift of roughly 27% in its population aged 65 and over, which was proportionally slightly higher than the increase experienced at the Township level. The County experienced a decrease in its population aged 5 and below (-4.0%), mirroring shifting age trends occurring in the Township, but saw an increase in the 35 to 54 age range (3.6%). This data is displayed in Table 3 below. 16

Township of West Orange November 2025 Essex County, New Jersey Housing Element and Fair Share Plan ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Table 3: Population by Age, 2010 to 2020 Essex County Number Percent Number Percent Change (2000 to 2010) Number Percent Under 5 years 53,819 6.9% 51,645 6.0% -2,174 -4.0% 5 to 14 107,537 13.7% 115,654 13.4% 8,117 7.5% 15 to 24 107,688 13.7% 117,894 13.6% 10,206 9.5% 25 to 34 107,655 13.7% 119,677 13.9% 12,022 11.2% 35 to 44 116,221 14.8% 122,457 14.2% 6,236 5.4% 45 to 54 115,224 14.7% 117,293 13.6% 2,069 1.8% 55 to 64 85,538 10.9% 104,566 12.1% 19,028 22.2% 65 and over 90,287 11.5% 114,542 13.3% 24,255 26.9% Total population 783,969 100.0% 863,728 100.0% 79,759 10.2% 36.4 - 37.1 - 0.7 1.9% 2010 Population Median Age 2020 Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Decennial Census, Tables DP1, P12 and P13 Households A household is defined as one or more persons, either related or not, living together in a housing unit. In 2020 there was a total of 17,738 households in West Orange. Over half of the Township’s households comprised two or less people. In fact, Two-person households were the most common household size at both the Township (28.8%), followed by one-person households. This was similar to trends at the County level, but one-person households were the most prominent at 28%, followed by two-person households. The average household size of the Township in 2020 was 2.73, which was slightly higher than that of the County’s average of 2.58. Table 4: Household Size of Occupied Housing Units, 2020 West Orange and Essex County West Orange Essex County Number Percent Number Percent 1-person household 4,384 24.7% 87,487 28.0% 2-person household 5,115 28.8% 82,024 26.2% 3-person household 3,172 17.9% 55,575 17.8% 4-person household 2,875 16.2% 49,034 15.7% 5-person household 1,347 7.6% 23,166 7.4% 6-person household 525 3.0% 9,517 3.0% 7-or-more-person household 320 1.8% 6,110 2.0% Total Households 17,738 100.0% 312,913 100.0% Average Household Size 2.73 Source: US Census Bureau 2020, Table H9 17 2.58

Township of West Orange November 2025 Essex County, New Jersey Housing Element and Fair Share Plan ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- According to the United States Census, family households are defined as two or more persons living in the same household, related by birth, marriage, or adoption. As shown in Table 5, the majority (71%) of all households in the Township in 2023 were categorized as family households. Households in West Orange containing a married couple with children accounted for 24% of all households. Data for 2023 includes the sub-groups of non-traditional households, including “Other Family” and “Non-Family” households. “Other Family” households accounted for 17% of all households, broken down into 12% female householders with no spouse or partner present and 5% male householders with no spouse or partner present. “Non-Family” households are defined as those that consist of a householder living alone or sharing the home exclusively with people to whom he/she is not related. Non-family households comprise approximately 29% of all households in the Town. Table 5: Household Size and Type, 2023 West Orange Total Percent Total Households 17,440 100% Family Households 71% Married couple family 12,335 9,394 With children 4,104 24% Without children 5,290 30% 2,941 17% 887 5% With children 525 3% Without children 362 2% 2,054 12% With children 1,049 6% Without children 1,005 6% 29% Male householder 5,105 1,922 Living alone 1,593 9% 329 2% 22 0% Female householder 3,183 18% Living alone 2,929 17% 254 1% 0 0% Other Family Male householder, no spouse Female householder, no spouse Nonfamily household Not living alone With children Not living alone With children Source: 2023 ACS 5-Year B11005 and B11010 18 54% 11%

Township of West Orange November 2025 Essex County, New Jersey Housing Element and Fair Share Plan ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Income As measured in 2023, West Orange had a significantly higher median household income compared to Essex County and the State of New Jersey. The median income in West Orange was $131,645, which was roughly $51,200 greater than that of the County and $30,600 greater than that of the State. The per capita income in West Orange was higher than that of the County, but much lower than that of the State. This data is outlined in Table 6 below. Table 6: Per Capital Household Income, 2023 West Orange, Essex County, and New Jersey West Orange Essex County New Jersey Per Capital Income Median Household Income $63,635 $50,025 $140,299 $131,645 $80,463 $101,050 Source: 2023 ACS 5-year Estimates, Tables S1901 and B19301 In 2023, roughly 77% percent of all households in the Township earned an income of $50,000 or more, as compared to roughly 74% of households in the County. The income range that accounted for the most Township households was the $200,000 or more bracket, which comprised nearly 29.4% of households in West Orange. This was also the case across Essex County as a whole, but at a lower percentage of 20.1%. Only 8.8% of households in West Orange earned an income of $25,000 or less, as compared to 17.8% at the County level. This suggests that the Township’s household income distribution is slightly skewed toward higher income brackets as compared to the County, which may at least partially help explain the difference between the median income reported at the Township ($131,645) and County ($80,463) levels. Table 7: Household Income, 2023 West Orange and Essex County West Orange Less than $10,000 $10,000 to $14,999 $15,000 to $24,999 $25,000 to $34,999 $35,000 to $49,999 $50,000 to $74,999 $75,000 to $99,999 $100,000 to $149,999 $150,000 to $199,999 $200,000 or more Total Households Number 610 388 574 1,220 950 1,786 1,529 2,900 2,266 5,217 17,738 Source: 2023 ACS 5-Year Estimates, Table B19001 19 Percent 3.4% 2.2% 3.2% 6.9% 5.4% 10.1% 8.6% 16.3% 12.8% 29.4% 100.0% Essex

lds Number 610 388 574 1,220 950 1,786 1,529 2,900 2,266 5,217 17,738 Source: 2023 ACS 5-Year Estimates, Table B19001 19 Percent 3.4% 2.2% 3.2% 6.9% 5.4% 10.1% 8.6% 16.3% 12.8% 29.4% 100.0% Essex County Number 21,008 13,577 21,126 21,965 30,668 45,367 33,990 45,640 44,630 62,996 312,913 Percent 6.7% 4.3% 6.8% 7.0% 9.8% 14.5% 10.9% 14.6% 14.3% 20.1% 100.0%

Township of West Orange November 2025 Essex County, New Jersey Housing Element and Fair Share Plan ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Poverty Status Of the 48,276 people in West Orange for which poverty status was determined, 3,433 (7.1%) individuals lived in poverty in 2023; this was considerably lower than the County’s poverty rate of 13.9%. Of West Orange’s population that fell below the poverty level in 2023, over half were between the ages of 18 to 64; this trend was mirrored at the County level as well. Proportionally the Township and County had similar percentages of elderly living in poverty, but the Township’s population living in poverty under 18 (1.9%) was significantly lower than that of the County (4.3%). This data is presented in Table 8 below. Table 8: Poverty Status, 2023 West Orange and Essex County West Orange Essex County Number Percent Number Percent 48,276 100.0% 851,117 100.0% 3,433 7.1% 118,250 13.9% 915 1.9% 36,834 4.3% 18 to 64 1,989 4.1% 65,452 7.7% 65 and over 529 1.1% 15,964 1.9% Total persons Total persons below poverty level Under 18 Source: 2023 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimate, Table S1701 20