Tree Report Complete File Updated 101524

Woven Wire Fence Placement Woven wire fencing shall be placed on the outside of all corners, brace assemblies, and curves. When tensioned, the wire fencing should pull against the post, not the staples. All fencing shall be sufficiently tensioned using commercially available methods. Tightening by hand is not acceptable. In all other areas, fence should be stapled on the side of the posts that will experience the most deer pressure. This side is typically the outer (non-cropped) side of the post. Exceptions may be made when site conditions make placement on the outside of the post impractical. Fastening Woven Wire Fence to Posts Staples shall be used to fasten woven wire fence to posts. The bottom two and top two horizontal wires shall be stapled to each post, and every other horizontal wire in between shall be stapled to each post. If a fence includes single-strand high-tensile wires above the woven wire portion of the fence, the single strand high-tensile wires shall be stapled to each post. Wire should be held in place by the staple, but the staple should allow the wire to move back and forth freely. When driving staples, rotate the flat face of the staples 30-45 degrees from the flat face of the post to prevent splitting. 11

Setting Posts in the Ground Posts may be pounded or augured. When augured, posts must be anchored at corners, ends, and low points. The following are two ways to anchor and set a post: 1) Attach a wood block near the bottom of the post (block system); or 2) Attach pieces of high-tensile wire and a fence staple at the bottom (spider system). Line Post Spacing on Curves The spacing of line posts on curves is determined by the sharpness of the curve. Refer to the diagram below to determine the correct spacing. Fence alignments that change direction by less than 40 degrees are considered curves. Fence alignments that change direction by more than 40 degrees are considered corners. Diagram courtesy of NRCS 12

Deer Fence Installation Training Video To be eligible for NJDA Matching Grants for Deer Fencing on Unpreserved Farms, applicants must watch the SADC Deer Fence Installation Training Video . The video is available here: https://youtu.be/Oko0ObsIHSg. You are only required to watch the fence installation portion of the video, which begins at 1:02:26 and concludes at 1:27:36. Source Notes The specifications in this Appendix are derived from the following sources: High-tensile Woven Wire Fences for Reducing Wildlife Damage FS889 Rutgers University, March 2010. Deer Fence Bid Specifications NJ Department of Agriculture, Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, November 2004. Fence Technical Reference (382) NJ-NRCS, November 2014. NJ Deer Exclusion Fence Installation and Removal Guidance for (382) Fence NJ-NRCS October 2015. SADC Farmland Stewardship Deer Fencing Program Training on Proper Installation and Maintenance, July 2017. https://youtu.be/Oko0ObsIHSg. Where discrepancies exist between these sources and this Appendix, the standards set forth in this Appendix shall apply. * The training video was produced by the SADC, but the NJDA requires the same specifications for deer fences constructed pursuant to this Program. 13

A Guide to Landscaping with Native Plants in Northern New Jersey What are native plants? How can I choose the right plants? Native plants have evolved over thousands of years to be adapted to conditions in a particular region. All other wildlife depends on native plants. Use the chart inside to select plants suited to your growing conditions. Find more information at jerseyyards.org/plant. Why should I grow them? To bring in the birds and butterflies! Native plants provide necessary food, shelter, and nesting sites for wildlife. Insects won’t survive without native plants, and birds require insects to feed their babies. To enjoy beautiful, hardy plants! There are native plants for every growing condition (e.g., dry shade, moist sun, and clay soil). In their preferred conditions, natives thrive without pesticides or fertilizers and only require watering until established. To improve water quality! Native plant roots hold soil in place, increase infiltration of rainwater into the ground, and remove pollutants from water. By reducing or eliminating the need to use fertilizers and pesticides, native plants help keep our water clean.

GETTING STARTED 1. Start Small: By starting small, you can experiment and learn. The goal is a beautiful, healthy, and wildlife-friendly yard with a diversity of native plants that bloom from spring to fall. 2. How to Buy: Find nurseries that sell native plants at jerseyyards.org/jersey-friendly-plants/where-to-buy-native-plants/ and npsnj.org/native-plants/where-to-buy-natives/. Use the full scientific name (Genus/species) to be sure you are getting the right plant, and confirm that the plants have not been treated with systemic pesticides. 3. Landscape Style: Native plants are well-suited to both formal and informal landscapes. They can be mixed with your favorite non-natives, but please remember that ideally our yards should be >70% native biomass (including native trees) to sustain pollinators, birds, and other wildlife. 4. For Easy Management: A. Select plants adapted to your site’s growing conditions. B. Build native plant layers: ground covers, flowers, shrubs, and trees. 5. Invasive Plants: Do not plant invasive species. They naturalize into our forests and outcompete the native plants required for ecosystem health. The NJ Invasive Species Strike Team’s DO NOT PLANT list identifies plants to avoid (fohvos.info/invasive-species-strike-team/info-center/) 6. Deer: Discourage deer by selecting plants they do not prefer and using barriers, e.g., fences, cages, or deer repellents. Note that “Deer Resistance” varies in different areas, and hungry deer will eat plants they normally avoid. 7. Pest Management: Avoid Chemicals. Synthetic and organic insecticides and herbicides kill everything on the label, including the “good guys” you want to protect! Diverse plantings naturally reduce pests. 8. Cultivar vs. Straight Species: A simple cultivar selected for size or hardiness can be fine, but a cultivar with a different leaf or flower color or structure may not support the pollinators that depend on the original native species (i.e., a fancy cultivar may be ecologically useless). 9. Winter Wildlife Garden: Minimize fall cleanup by leaving the leaves and stems with seed heads in your winter garden. Many important pollinators overwinter in the leaves and birds feed on the seed heads. In May, cut stems to about 12-18 inches so that native bees can use them for nesting. C. Use dense native plantings to build a “green mulch” that reduces weeds. “Landscape plugs”

d on the seed heads. In May, cut stems to about 12-18 inches so that native bees can use them for nesting. C. Use dense native plantings to build a “green mulch” that reduces weeds. “Landscape plugs” can make this fast and simple. D. Convert a patch of lawn – an easy way is to mow it short, cover with cardboard or several sheets of newspaper, wet it, and layer on 3 to 4 inches of composted mulch. After waiting 3 to 6 months, plant right through it. 10. Plant Native Trees: Big trees provide big benefits: they cool your house and neighborhood; manage stormwater; and “host” insects that birds and other wildlife depend on for food. Find the right tree for your location at jerseyyards.org/plant/. Sunny Moist Sample Design 12' Switch Grass 5 Foxglove Beardtongue 3 Mountain Mint 3 Showy Goldenrod 3 Black-Eyed Susan 3 New England Aster 3 Swam p Mi l k weed 3 Eastern B luestar 3 7' Purple Coneflower 3 Golden Alexander 3 Columbine 3 For more great information: Native Plant Society of New Jersey: npsnj.org Homegrown National Park: homegrownnationalpark.org/ National Wildlife Federation: nwf.org/NativePlantFinder Wild Ones: nativegardendesigns.wildones.org/ Pollinator Pathway: pollinator-pathway.org

SMALL TREES, SHRUBS AND VINES PHOTO NAME Common & Scientific American Black Elderberry Sambucus canadensis Arrowwood Viburnum dentatum Black Chokeberry Aronia melanocarpa Buttonbush Cephalanthus occidentalis Coral Honeysuckle (Vine) Lonicera sempervirens Eastern Redbud Cercis canadensis Highbush Blueberry Vaccinium corymbosum Inkberry Ilex glabra New Jersey Tea Ceanothus americanus Ninebark Physocarpus opulifolius Northern Bayberry Morella pensylvanica Pussy Willow Salix discolor Red Twig Dogwood Cornus sericea HEIGHT 5’ - 12’ 6’ - 15’ 3’ - 5’ 6’ - 15’ 8’ - 15’ 20’ - 30’ 6’ - 12’ 6’ - 8’ 3’ - 4’ 5’ - 8’ 5’ - 12’ 6’ - 15’ 7’ - 9’ Serviceberry or Shadbush 15’ - 25’ Shrubby St. John’s Wort 2’ - 4’ Amelanchier canadensis Hypericum prolificum Spicebush Lindera benzoin Summersweet Clethra alnifolia Virginia Sweetspire Itea virginica Wild Hydrangea Hydrangea arborescens Winterberry Ilex verticillata 6’ - 12’ 4’ - 8’ 3’ - 8’ 3’ - 6’ 6’ - 12’ FLOWERS Bloom Time & Color LIGHT SOIL Moisture & Type MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT – fluffy white clusters C L O MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT – flat white clusters MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT white clusters MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT WILDLIFE DEER RESISTANT AND NOTES graceful arching branches; fruit for birds L SO Y, blue-black berries; red fall foliage – fall color, edible showy fruit – C L SO – Y, tolerates wet areas fragrant white balls C L SO twining vine can be groundcover or trained on trellis magenta C L O one of the earliest bloomers; drought-resistant MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT – MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT red-orange with yellow MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT white-pinkish MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT small, greenish-white – C L SO C L SO evergreen boxwood alternative; berries on female plants w/ male L SO Y, stunning pollinator attractor; needs well-drained soil C L SO domed flower clusters; lovely fall color and winter bark – MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT fragrant,showy, white MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT white to pink blueberries July-Aug.; red fall color; add organic matter to soil MAR APR MAY MAY JUN AUG SEP OCT – small, yellow-green – L SO MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT – white, yellow, green L SO MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT – white C L O MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT – Y,

N AUG SEP OCT – small, yellow-green – L SO MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT – white, yellow, green L SO MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT – white C L O MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT – Y, berries on female with male nearby; semi-evergreen soft fuzzy early flowers; valuable host for diverse caterpillars bright red stems for winter interest C L SO Y, one of the earliest bloomers; purple fruit in June C L SO Y, compact; perfect shrub for border fragrant yellow C L O Y, “forsythia of the wilds;” berries on female plants w/ male MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT – small, white MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT bright yellow MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT fragrant white MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT fragrant white C L SO – C L SO MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT – white C L O MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT – small, white – C L SO Y, blooms mid-summer in shade; shrub border good fall color; shrub border large showy flower clusters Y, red berries on female with male nearby

HERBACEOUS PERENNIALS PHOTO NAME Common & Scientific HEIGHT FLOWERS Bloom Time & Color Anise Hyssop 24” - 48” MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT Agastache foeniculum Black-Eyed Susan Rudbeckia hirta Blazing Star Liatris spicata Butterfly Milkweed Asclepias tuberosa Cardinal Flower Lobelia cardinalis Eastern Columbine Aquilegia canadensis Common Boneset Eupatorium perfoliatum Culver’s Root Veronicastrum virginicum Eastern Blue Star Amsonia tabernaemontana False Sunflower Heliopsis helianthoides Foamflower Tiarella cordifolia blue-purple 24” - 36” 24” - 36” 18” - 36” 24” - 48” 12” - 36” 24” - 72” 24” - 36” 36” - 60” Foxglove Beardtongue 36” - 60” Penstemon digitalis Great Blue Lobelia Lobelia siphilitica Heartleaf Golden Alexander Zizea aptera New England Aster Symphyotrichum novae-angliae Purple Coneflower Echinacea purpurea Showy Goldenrod Solidago speciosa Swamp Milkweed Asclepias incarnata 12” - 36” 12” - 30” 36” - 72” 24” - 48” 24” - 48” 36” - 60” Pycnanthemum virginianum Chelone glabra 24” - 36” C L SO purple spikes – red C L Y, columns of pollinatorattracting flowers Y, butterfly favorite (hosts Monarchs); pretty seedpods L S MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT DEER RESISTANT AND NOTES Y, drought-tolerant C L S MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT orange WILDLIFE long bloom time C L MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT Y, intense red color attracts hummingbirds MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT L SO Y, unique two-toned flowers; spreads by seed MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT – white C L S Y, flat top flower clusters attract butterflies; popular herb; good for wet site L O Y, stunning; slow to establish but long-lived MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT white to pale blue C L SO Y, easy to grow; clumping; yellow fall color L S Y, attractive daisy-like flower with a long bloom time L Y, interesting foliage; great choice for a shade garden C L SO Y, tolerates poor drainage; not a true Foxglove (Digitalis) MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT blue MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT spikes of white MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT white to pink MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT – blue spike C L S MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT – yellow Virginia Mountain Mint 24” - 36” White Turtlehead yellow yellow 6” - 12” SOIL Moisture & Type MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT red to

lue spike C L S MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT – yellow Virginia Mountain Mint 24” - 36” White Turtlehead yellow yellow 6” - 12” SOIL Moisture & Type MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT red to yellow 36” - 72” LIGHT Y, interesting, long-blooming blue flowers C L SO Y, supports early pollinators; tidy plant and attractive seedhead C L S pollinator magnet; pinch in June to keep plant compact – MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT blue to violet MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT purple-pink Y, goldfinches love its seeds C L S Y, easy to grow, late season pollinator workhorse MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT yellow C L S MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT – pink C L MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT – tiny white C L S MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT – white C L S Y, attracts butterflies (hosts Monarchs); tolerates wet unlike butterfly weed – Y, blooms buzz with pollinators flower shaped like a turtle’s head; good in a shade garden