04_AECOM_Environmental Report_Final

Air Quality Madeling Report 3. Applicable Air Quality and Risk Thresholds 3.1 Federal Air Quality Standards The Clean Air Act of 1970 required the USEPA to establish ambient concentration threshalds for certain compounds based upon the identifiable effects that the compounds may have on public health and welfare. Subsequently, the USEPA promulgated regulations that set National Ambiant Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) for several criteria compaunds, including particulate matter (for this analysis, focus is on PM, =). Two classes of ambient air quality standards have been established: (1) primary standards defining levels of air quality that the USEPA has judged as necessary to protect public health; and (2) secondary standards defining levels for protecting soils, vegetation, wildlife, and other aspects of public welfare. For this analysis, all stack-tested PM is assumed to be PM: 5, which is conservative as the PM..; NAAQS are the limiting standards for evaluating PM emissions. Furthermore, since PM2. is a subset of total PM, assuming PM equals total PM overestimates the actual PMz5 emissions. Table 3-1 lists the currently applicable PM2.5 NAAQS (in concentration units of micrograms per cubic meter [yg/m?)). Table 3-1 National Ambient Air Quality Standards Pollutant Averaging Period Primary Sacondary Standard Standard (hain) tigi?) Piles 24-hour?) 35 35 Annual! 9 15 Source: EPA 40 CFR 50 Notes: (1) Compliance with the 24-hour standard is demonstrated when the 98ti-percentile (th High) 24-hour concentration at eaci receptor, hased on § years of modeling, is predicted below the standard. (2) Not to be exceeded by the arithmetic average of the annual arithrnatic averages from 3 successive years. 3.2. New Jersey Health Risk Toxicity Values The NJDEP Risk Assessment Protocol (Technical Manual 1003, (NJDEP, 2018)) includes guidelines for evaluating potential inhalation-based health risks for sources of HAPs. The guidelines recommend calculations of cancer and non-cancer risk be based on air concentrations determined from NJDEP's Risk Screening Worksheet or refined dispersion modeling together with pollutant-specific toxicity values. NJDEP provides toxicity values in the form of the unit risk factor (URF, cancer tisk) or the reference concentration (RFC, non-cancer risk) based on available information from USEPA’s Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS)

alues in the form of the unit risk factor (URF, cancer tisk) or the reference concentration (RFC, non-cancer risk) based on available information from USEPA’s Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) and other appropriate sources (NIDEP, 2023) The first-level risk screening is designed ta evaluate a calculated risk below the “negligible” threshold which is defined as total cancer risk less than er equal fo one (1) in a million and a hazard quotient of less than or equal to one for non-caneer risk (NJDEP, 2018, Tables 2-3 & 2-4). Cancer risk is based on long-term (annual) modeled concentrations and non-cancer hazard quotients are based on both long-term and shart-term (where applicable) modeled concentrations. The cancer risk is calculated using a specific pollutant's URF. The hazard quotient is calculated using @ specific pollutant's RfC. For this analysis, the individual PAHs were evaluated using their individual toxicity factors. The various URF and RfC values are provided in Table 3-2 below. Note, benzo[e]pyrene and perylene do not have any individual URFs so they were conservatively treated as benzo[a]pyrene in the risk analysis. Also note that the PAHs do not have any associated short term RfCs so only annual (long-term) effects were evaluated AECOM 6