138-24 Exhibit to Resolution Adopting the Township of West Orange Vision Zero Action Plan.pdf

visible cue for motorists to stop at the entire backplate is added. Agencies intersection ahead. should consider the design of the existing signal support structure to determine if the design is sufficient to support the added wind load. Retroreflective Border Retroreflective borders are highly visible during the night. Source: South Carolina DOT Considerations Transportation agencies should consider backplates with retroreflective borders as part of their efforts to systematically improve safety performance at signalized intersections. Adding a retroreflective border to an existing signal backplate is a very low-cost safety treatment. This can be done For more information on this by either adding retroreflective and other FHWA Proven Safety tape to an existing backplate or Signal Backplate Countermeasures, please visit purchasing a new backplate with https://highways.dot.gov/ a retroreflective border already Signal backplate framed with a retroreflective border. Source: FHWA safety/proven-safety-counter incorporated. The most efficient measures and https://rosap. means of implementing this proven ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/42807.

er. Source: FHWA safety/proven-safety-counter incorporated. The most efficient measures and https://rosap. means of implementing this proven ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/42807. 1 (CMF ID: 1410) Sayed, T., Leur, P., and Pump, J., “Safety Impact of Increased Traffic Signal Backboards Conspicuity.” 2005 TRB 84th Annual Meeting: Compendium of Papers CD-ROM, Vol. TRB#05-16, Washington, D.C., (2005). FHWA-SA-21-039

OFFICE OF SAFETY Proven Safety Countermeasures Dedicated Left- and Right-Turn Lanes at Intersections Auxiliary turn lanes—either for left turns or right turns—provide physical separation between turning traffic that is slowing or stopped and adjacent through traffic at approaches to intersections. Turn lanes can be designed to provide for deceleration prior to a turn, as well as for storage of vehicles that are stopped and waiting for the opportunity to complete a turn. While turn lanes provide measurable lanes will lengthen crossing distances safety and operational benefits at for pedestrians. many types of intersections, they Offset Turn Lanes are particularly helpful at two-way Safety Benefits: stop-controlled intersections. Crashes Providing offset of left- and right- Left-Turn Lanes occurring at these intersections are turn lanes to increase visibility can 28-48% often related to turning maneuvers. provide added safety benefits, and Since the major route traffic is free is preferable in many situations, flowing and typically travels at higher particularly at locations with higher reduction in total crashes.1 speeds, or where free-flow or

tions with higher reduction in total crashes.1 speeds, or where free-flow or speeds, crashes that do occur are often severe. The main crash types permissive movements are possible. Positive Offset include collisions of vehicles turning At turn lanes with zero or negative Left-Turn Lanes left across opposing through traffic offset, turning vehicles can block 36% and rear-end collisions of vehicles turning left or right with other vehicles sightlines. For left-turn lanes, this usually involves opposing left-turning reduction in fatal following closely behind. Turn lanes vehicles occupying the turn lanes and injury crashes.2 reduce the potential for these types at the same time. For right-turn of crashes. lanes, this typically involves right- Right-Turn Lanes Installing left-turn lanes and/or right- turning vehicles from the major road and vehicles entering the 14-26% turn lanes should be considered for the major road approaches intersection from the minor road. for improving safety at both three- In both scenarios, adding positive reduction in total crashes.1 and four-leg intersections with stop offset to turn lanes enhances the

enarios, adding positive reduction in total crashes.1 and four-leg intersections with stop offset to turn lanes enhances the control on the minor road, where sight distance to approaching significant turning volumes exist, vehicles that conflict with the turning or where there is a history of turn- movement. Offset turn lanes should related crashes. Pedestrian and be considered when there is a high bicyclist safety and convenience frequency of these types of conflicts should also be considered when in order to reduce the likelihood of a adding turn lanes at an intersection. severe crash. Specifically, offset left- and right-turn Zero Offset Positive Offset Left- and right-turn lanes at a two-way stop-controlled intersection. Source: City of Greeley, CO For more information on this and other FHWA Proven Safety Countermeasures, please visit https://highways.dot.gov/safety/ proven-safety-countermeasures and https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/ Illustration comparing zero offset to positive offset of left- and right-turn lanes. Source: FHWA publications/research/safety /02103/02103techbrief.pdf. 1 (CMF ID: 260, 268, 285, 289) Harwood et al. Safety Effectiveness of Intersection Left- and Right-Turn Lanes. FHWA-HRD-02-089, (2002). 2 (CMF ID: 6096) Persaud et al. Safety Evaluation of Offset Improvements FHWA-SA-21-041 for Left-Turn Lanes. FHWA-HRT-09-035, (2009).

OFFICE OF SAFETY Proven Safety Countermeasures Roundabouts The modern roundabout is an intersection with a circular configuration that safely and efficiently moves traffic. Roundabouts feature channelized, curved approaches that reduce vehicle speed, entry yield control that gives right-of- way to circulating traffic, and counterclockwise flow around a central island that minimizes conflict points. The net result of lower speeds and reduced conflicts at roundabouts is an environment where crashes that cause injury or fatality are substantially reduced. Roundabouts are not only a safer type of intersection; they are also efficient in terms of keeping people Safety Benefits: moving. Even while calming traffic, they can reduce delay and queuing Two-Way Stop-Controlled when compared to other intersection Intersection to a Roundabout alternatives. Furthermore, the lower vehicular speeds and reduced conflict environment can create a more suitable environment for walking and bicycling. Roundabouts can be implemented in both urban and rural areas under a wide range of traffic conditions. 82% They can replace signals, two- way stop controls, and all-way stop controls. Roundabouts are an reduction in fatal and injury crashes.1 effective option for managing speed and transitioning traffic from high- Illustration of a multilane roundabout.

effective option for managing speed and transitioning traffic from high- Illustration of a multilane roundabout. speed to low-speed environments, Source: FHWA Signalized Intersection to a such as freeway interchange ramp terminals, and rural intersections Roundabout along high-speed roads. 78% reduction in fatal and injury crashes.1 For more information on this and other FHWA Proven Safety Countermeasures, please visit https://highways. dot.gov/safety/proven- safety-countermeasures and https://highways.dot.gov/ Example of a single-lane roundabout. Source: FHWA safety/intersection-safety/ intersection-types/roundabouts. 1 (CMF ID: 211,226) AASHTO. The Highway Safety Manual, American Association of State Highway Transportation Professionals, Washington, D.C., (2010). FHWA-SA-21-042

APPENDIX C: FUNDING SOURCES Funding Sources The following is a general compilation of funding sources that have been or could be used to fund improvements in West Orange Township. The list is not exhaustive, but identifies a selection of federal, state, and private/non- profit funding sources for pedestrian and bicycle planning, project development, and construction. For each source, links are provided to program websites that contain additional information related to: how to apply for funding, typical grant amounts, application deadlines, and eligible activities. Some funding sources may also be used to fund programmatic activities, related to safety, enforcement, and education. Potential funding sources are listed below followed by a detailed description of each source on subsequent pages. Federal Funding Opportunities » NJDOT – Transit Village Program • The Fixing America’s Surface Transportation • New Jersey Transportation Infrastructure Bank (FAST) ACT • NJ Division of Highway Traffic Safety Grants (HTS » Safe Streets and Roads for All Program Grants) (SS4A) » Comprehensive Traffic Safety Programs » Congestion Mitigation and Air Quality (CTSPs) Improvement (CMAQ) Program » Pedestrian Safety » Transportation Alternatives Set-Aside » Other Eligible Programs » Highway Safety Improvement Program (HSIP) Private or Non-Profit Funding Sources » Safe Routes to School Program (SRTS) • Sustainable Jersey » Recreational Trails Program • Sustainable Jersey for Schools » Reconnecting Communities Pilot Program • Robert Wood Johnson Foundation (RCP) • The Geraldine R. Dodge Foundation » Thriving Communities Program (TCP) » Neighborhood Access and Equity Grant Other Program • Impact Fees • Road to Zero Community

quity Grant Other Program • Impact Fees • Road to Zero Community Traffic Safety Grants • County and Municipal Open Space Trust Funds State Funding Opportunities • County and Municipal Capital Programs • State Infrastructure Grant Programs » NJDOT – Municipal Aid » NJDOT – County Aid » NJDOT – Bikeway Grant Program » NJDOT – Safe Streets to Transit Program WEST ORANGE TOWNSHIP: VISION ZERO ACTION PLAN 129

Federal Funding Opportunities Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act On November 6, 2021, President Biden signed the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act, also referred to as the Bipartisan Infrastracture Law, into law. Alongside funding for utilities, internet, electricity, resiliency and pollution cleanup, transportation funding was a central piece of this bill. This included funding for airports and rail, but also allocated $110 billion to repairs and improvements to roads and bridges. (The previous relevant federal program was known as the Fixing America's Surface Transportation Act, or “FAST Act”). Funding programs under the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Arc, many of which are continued from the FAST Act from 2016-2020, are summarized below. https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/bipartisan-infrastructure-law/ Safe Streets and Roads for All (SS4A) Program This program was established out of the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act of 2021 (IIJA). It funds planning and implementation of projects and strategies which share a goal of eliminating roadway deaths and serious injuries. Many Complete Streets-related measures are eligible. Funding can be used to produce a comprehensive safety action plan, undergo demonstration projects, and implement permanent measures. Congress has appropriated $5 billion for the program through fiscal year 2026, and all grants require a 20 percent local match. The SS4A program supports the National Roadway Safety Strategy and the United States Department of Transportation’s goal of zero deaths and serious injuries on our nation’s roadways. Counties, municipalities, and other non-State government entities are eligible to apply. https://www.transportation.gov/grants/SS4A Congestion Mitigation and Air Quality Improvement (CMAQ) Program The CMAQ program provides a flexible funding source to State and local governments for transportation projects and programs to help meet the requirements of the Clean Air Act. Funds may be used for a transportation project or program such as construction of bicycle and pedestrian facilities that are not exclusively recreational (as they must reduce vehicle trips and therefore vehicle emissions), outreach promoting safe bicycle use, and other bicycle