138-24 Exhibit to Resolution Adopting the Township of West Orange Vision Zero Action Plan.pdf

OFFICE OF SAFETY Proven Safety Countermeasures Dedicated Left- and Right-Turn Lanes at Intersections Auxiliary turn lanes—either for left turns or right turns—provide physical separation between turning traffic that is slowing or stopped and adjacent through traffic at approaches to intersections. Turn lanes can be designed to provide for deceleration prior to a turn, as well as for storage of vehicles that are stopped and waiting for the opportunity to complete a turn. While turn lanes provide measurable lanes will lengthen crossing distances safety and operational benefits at for pedestrians. many types of intersections, they Offset Turn Lanes are particularly helpful at two-way Safety Benefits: stop-controlled intersections. Crashes Providing offset of left- and right- Left-Turn Lanes occurring at these intersections are turn lanes to increase visibility can 28-48% often related to turning maneuvers. provide added safety benefits, and Since the major route traffic is free is preferable in many situations, flowing and typically travels at higher particularly at locations with higher reduction in total crashes.1 speeds, or where free-flow or

tions with higher reduction in total crashes.1 speeds, or where free-flow or speeds, crashes that do occur are often severe. The main crash types permissive movements are possible. Positive Offset include collisions of vehicles turning At turn lanes with zero or negative Left-Turn Lanes left across opposing through traffic offset, turning vehicles can block 36% and rear-end collisions of vehicles turning left or right with other vehicles sightlines. For left-turn lanes, this usually involves opposing left-turning reduction in fatal following closely behind. Turn lanes vehicles occupying the turn lanes and injury crashes.2 reduce the potential for these types at the same time. For right-turn of crashes. lanes, this typically involves right- Right-Turn Lanes Installing left-turn lanes and/or right- turning vehicles from the major road and vehicles entering the 14-26% turn lanes should be considered for the major road approaches intersection from the minor road. for improving safety at both three- In both scenarios, adding positive reduction in total crashes.1 and four-leg intersections with stop offset to turn lanes enhances the

enarios, adding positive reduction in total crashes.1 and four-leg intersections with stop offset to turn lanes enhances the control on the minor road, where sight distance to approaching significant turning volumes exist, vehicles that conflict with the turning or where there is a history of turn- movement. Offset turn lanes should related crashes. Pedestrian and be considered when there is a high bicyclist safety and convenience frequency of these types of conflicts should also be considered when in order to reduce the likelihood of a adding turn lanes at an intersection. severe crash. Specifically, offset left- and right-turn Zero Offset Positive Offset Left- and right-turn lanes at a two-way stop-controlled intersection. Source: City of Greeley, CO For more information on this and other FHWA Proven Safety Countermeasures, please visit https://highways.dot.gov/safety/ proven-safety-countermeasures and https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/ Illustration comparing zero offset to positive offset of left- and right-turn lanes. Source: FHWA publications/research/safety /02103/02103techbrief.pdf. 1 (CMF ID: 260, 268, 285, 289) Harwood et al. Safety Effectiveness of Intersection Left- and Right-Turn Lanes. FHWA-HRD-02-089, (2002). 2 (CMF ID: 6096) Persaud et al. Safety Evaluation of Offset Improvements FHWA-SA-21-041 for Left-Turn Lanes. FHWA-HRT-09-035, (2009).