138-24 Exhibit to Resolution Adopting the Township of West Orange Vision Zero Action Plan.pdf

OFFICE OF SAFETY Proven Safety Countermeasures Bicycle Lanes Most fatal and serious injury bicyclist crashes occur at non-intersection locations. Nearly one-third of these crashes involve overtaking motorists1; the speed and size differential between vehicles and bicycles can lead to severe injury. To make bicycling safer and more comfortable for most types of bicyclists, State and local agencies should consider installing bicycle lanes. These dedicated facilities for the use of bicyclists along the roadway can take several forms. Providing bicycle facilities can mitigate or prevent interactions, conflicts, and crashes between bicyclists and motor vehicles, and create a network of safer roadways for bicycling. Bicycle Lanes align with the Safe System Approach principle of recognizing human vulnerability—where separating users in space can enhance safety for all road users. Safety Benefits: Applications Considerations Bicycle Lane Additions can FHWA’s Bikeway Selection Guide and • City and State policies may require reduce crashes up to: Incorporating On-Road Bicycle Networks minimum bicycle lane widths, although 49% for total crashes into Resurfacing Projects assist agencies in determining which facilities provide the most

into Resurfacing Projects assist agencies in determining which facilities provide the most benefit in various contexts. these can differ by agency and functional classification of the road. • Bicycle lane design should on urban 4-lane undivided Bicycle lanes can be included on vary according to roadway new roadways or created on existing collectors and local roads.6 characteristics (e.g., motor vehicle roads by reallocating space in the volumes and speed) in order to 30% right-of-way. maximize the facility’s suitability for In addition to the paint stripe used riders of all ages and abilities and for total crashes on urban for a typical bicycle lane, a lateral should consider the travel needs of 2-lane undivided offset with painted buffer can help to low-income populations likely to use collectors and local roads.6 further separate bicyclists from vehicle bicycles. The Bikeway Selection Guide traffic. State and local agencies may is a useful resource. also consider physical separation • While some in the public may of the bicycle lane from motorized oppose travel lane narrowing if they traffic lanes

of the bicycle lane from motorized oppose travel lane narrowing if they traffic lanes through the use of believe it will slow traffic or increase vertical elements like posts, curbs, or congestion, studies have found that vegetation.2 Based on international roadways did not experience an experience and implementation in increase in injuries or congestion the United States, there is potential when travel lane widths were for further safety benefits associated decreased to add a bicycle lane.3 with separated bicycle lanes. FHWA Separated bicycle lane in Washington, DC. is conducting research on separated • Studies and experience in US cities Source: Alex Baca, Washington Area show that bicycle lanes increase bicycle lanes, which includes the Bicyclist Association development of crash modification ridership and may help jurisdictions factors, to be completed in 2022 to better manage roadway capacity Separated bicycle lanes may address significant interest on this topic. without increased risk. provide further safety benefits. FHWA is anticipating completion • In rural areas, rumble strips can 1 Thomas et al. Bicyclist Crash Types on National, negatively impact bicyclists’ ability to of research in

clist Crash Types on National, negatively impact bicyclists’ ability to of research in Fall 2022. State, and Local Levels: A New Look. Transportation Research Record 673(6), 664-676, (2019). ride if not properly installed. Agencies 2 Separated Bike Lane Planning and Design Guide. For more information on this FHWA-HEP-15-025, (2015). should consider the dimensions, 3 Park and Abdel-Aty. “Evaluation of safety effective- placement, and offset of rumble strips and other FHWA Proven Safety ness of multiple cross sectional features on urban when adding a bicycle lane.4 Countermeasures, please visit arterials”. Accident Analysis and Prevention, Vol. 92, pp. 245-255, (2016). https://safety.fhwa.dot.gov/ 4 FHWA Tech Advisory Shoulder and Edge Line Rumble • Strategies, practices, and processes provencountermeasures/ and Strips, (2011). can be used by agencies to 5 Sandt et al. Pursuing Equity in Pedestrian and Bicycle https://safety.fhwa.dot.gov/ Planning. FHWA, (2016). enhance their ability to address ped_bike/tools_solve/docs/ 6 Avelar et al. Development of Crash Modification equity in bicycle planning and Factors for Bicycle Lane Additions While Reducing fhwasa18077.pdf. Lane and Shoulder Widths. FHWA, (2021). design.5 FHWA-SA-21-051